Answer:
To classify the bond(s) in each compound as nonpolar, polar covalent, or ionic, we can compare the electronegativity difference between the two atoms in the bond. Here are the electronegativity values for each element:
F: 3.98
H: 2.20
N: 3.04
O: 3.44
a. F2:
Since both atoms are the same element, the electronegativity difference is zero, and the bond is nonpolar.
b. H2O:
The electronegativity difference between hydrogen (2.20) and oxygen (3.44) is 1.24, which is moderate. Therefore, the bond in H2O is polar covalent.
c. NH3:
The electronegativity difference between nitrogen (3.04) and hydrogen (2.20) is 0.84, which is moderate. Therefore, the bond in NH3 is polar covalent.
Step-by-step explanation: