Answer:
The case of McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) arose from a dispute over the constitutionality of the Second Bank of the United States. Maryland attempted to tax the bank, arguing that the federal government did not have the power to establish a national bank. The Supreme Court, in a landmark decision, upheld the constitutionality of the bank and established the principle of federal supremacy. Chief Justice John Marshall wrote that the federal government had certain implied powers, beyond those enumerated in the Constitution, that were necessary to carry out its duties.
The decision in McCulloch v. Maryland was important because it established the principle of federal supremacy, which held that the federal government had certain implied powers that were necessary to carry out its duties. This decision strengthened the power of the federal government and limited the ability of states to interfere with federal institutions. The case also had significant implications for the interpretation of the Constitution and the balance of power between the federal government and the states.