Final answer:
Deformation in rocks is influenced by temperature, pressure, material composition, and deformation rate; it refers to the change in shape due to force. Hooke's law states that deformation is proportional to the force applied. Rocks can deform elastically or plastically depending on various environmental factors.
Step-by-step explanation:
The factors that determine the type of deformation that takes place in a rock or material are temperature, pressure, the composition of the material, and the deformation rate. Deformation is a change in shape due to the application of force. According to Hooke's law, deformation is proportional to the force applied (any typo in the original material regarding deformation should be considered irrelevant to this correct definition).
Rocks can deform elastically, returning to their original shape after the stress is removed, up to their elastic limit. Beyond this point, plastic deformation occurs where rocks do not regain their original shape. At certain conditions, such as high pressure and temperature, rocks are more likely to deform plastically. At the Earth's surface, they tend to behave in a more brittle manner.