Answer:
a. droughts in Southern California
Step-by-step explanation:
El Niño is a weather pattern that occurs in the Pacific Ocean, typically every 2-7 years. During an El Niño event, the ocean's surface temperatures become warmer than usual in the central and eastern Pacific, which can lead to significant changes in global weather patterns.
Option (a) states that droughts in Southern California are not a common effect of El Niños, which is the correct answer. El Niños typically bring increased rainfall to California and the southwestern United States, making droughts less likely. Therefore, option (a) is the best answer.
Option (b) is a common effect of El Niños, as the warmer waters can lead to increased rainfall in Peru and other parts of South America, which can result in flooding.
Option (c) is also a common effect of El Niños, as they can lead to droughts in parts of Southeast Asia and Australia, as well as increased rainfall in other regions.
Option (d) is also a common effect of El Niños, as the warmer waters along the western coastlines of the Americas can have various impacts on marine life, weather patterns, and local economies.