Answer:
Who was Mazzini?
- Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian politician, journalist, and activist for the unification of Italy and spearhead of the Italian revolutionary movement. His efforts helped bring about the independent and unified Italy in place of the several separate states, many dominated by foreign powers, that existed until the 19th century. An Italian nationalist in the historical radical tradition and a proponent of a republicanism of social-democratic inspiration, Mazzini helped define the modern European movement for popular democracy in a republican state.
How did he criticize 'Aristocracy'?
- Aristocracy is a form of government in which political power is held by a select few privileged people called aristocrats or nobles. Coming from a Greek word meaning “rule by the best,” aristocrats are considered the most qualified to rule because of their moral and intellectual superiority.
- Giuseppe Mazzini fought for the unification of Italy ( because he was an activist ) and was an important figure in the Italian revolutionary movement. Mazzini was also an important theorist who had a profound influence on world politics. One of Mazzini's most important ideas was the need to rid the country of the evils of aristocracy. Mazzini believed that the aristocracy was the source of corruption, and that it had no place in a modern state. He also believed that hereditary monarchy was the embodiment of despotism.
How did he criticize 'Monarchy'?
- A monarchy is a form of government in which a person, the monarch regnant, is head of state for life or until abdication.
- Mazzini turned to wider revolutionary plans, based on his faith in the brotherhood of man and his hopes for a world republican federation. He founded Young Europe and helped to establish Young Germany, Young Switzerland, and Young Poland, but his three years in Switzerland were unhappy and frustrated.