Middle Ages: Medieval period between the fall of the Roman Empire in the 5th century and the beginning of the Renaissance in the 14th century.
Monasteries: Buildings where monks live and worship God under religious vows.
Illiteracy: The inability to read and write.
Serfs: A laborer of the feudal class legally bound to work on their lord's land in exchange protection.
Humanism: Movement in which thinkers study classical texts and focus on human potential instead of religion.