Answer: 1.1 The concept of 'pandemic' refers to an outbreak of a disease that has spread across multiple countries or continents, affecting a large number of people.
1.2 WHO stands for the World Health Organization, which is a specialized agency of the United Nations that is responsible for coordinating international efforts to monitor and respond to public health issues. Its role is to provide leadership on global health matters, to shape the health research agenda, to set norms and standards, to provide technical support to countries, and to monitor and assess health trends.
1.3 People are tested for COVID-19 using a diagnostic test called a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test, which detects the presence of the virus in a sample of respiratory secretions. The test involves collecting a swab sample from the back of the throat or nose, which is then sent to a laboratory for analysis.
1.4 Four ways in which COVID-19 affected normal life routine are:
Social distancing measures, such as staying at home and avoiding gatherings, led to isolation and a lack of social interaction.
School and workplace closures disrupted daily routines and forced people to adapt to remote learning and work.
Travel restrictions and border closures made it difficult or impossible to travel, affecting tourism and business travel.
The increased demand for healthcare services, along with the risk of contracting COVID-19 in healthcare settings, led to changes in how healthcare services were delivered.
1.5 Three ways in which building and sustaining good relationships may impact positively on your emotional well-being during lockdown are:
Maintaining regular communication with friends and family can provide social support and reduce feelings of isolation and loneliness.
Engaging in shared activities, such as online games or virtual events, can help to maintain social connections and reduce boredom.
Expressing gratitude and showing kindness towards others can help to foster positive emotions and reduce stress.
1.7 To cope with changes in family relationships during lockdown, it may be helpful to:
Practice effective communication skills, such as active listening and expressing oneself clearly and respectfully.
Set boundaries and establish clear expectations for behavior within the family.
Seek support from external sources, such as a therapist or support group, to process and cope with difficult emotions. Improving these coping skills can help to accept changes by promoting emotional regulation, conflict resolution, and effective communication.
1.8 People's personal views about infectious diseases can negatively impact the health and safety of others in several ways. For example, some people may refuse to wear masks or follow public health guidelines, which can increase the risk of transmission of the disease to vulnerable populations. Others may engage in stigmatization or discrimination towards people who are perceived as being at risk of spreading the disease, which can contribute to social isolation and mental health issues. These negative attitudes can be combated through education, awareness-raising campaigns, and advocacy for inclusive and evidence-based policies.
1.9 Two resolution strategies that can be used to resist negative pressure from family in a responsible way are:
Assertiveness, which involves expressing one's own needs and values clearly and respectfully while also considering the needs and feelings of others.
Negotiation, which involves finding a mutually agreeable solution through open communication and compromise. These strategies can help to maintain healthy relationships while also upholding personal values and boundaries.
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