Step-by-step explanation:
In George Orwell's dystopian novel "1984," the characters of Winston Smith, Emmanuel Goldstein, O'Brien, the children, Big Brother, and Mrs. Parsons all play important roles in the story and help to illustrate the oppressive nature of the society in which they live.
Winston Smith is the main protagonist of the novel and represents the struggle against the totalitarian regime of the ruling party. He is a disillusioned and cynical middle-aged man who works at the Ministry of Truth, where he alters historical records to match the party's propaganda. Winston begins to rebel against the party's control and starts a forbidden love affair with a woman named Julia, leading him down a dangerous path of defiance.
Emmanuel Goldstein is the leader of the resistance movement against the party, known as "The Brotherhood." Goldstein is portrayed as a figurehead for dissent and rebellion, and his book, "The Theory and Practice of Oligarchical Collectivism," serves as a guide for those who oppose the party's ideology. Although Goldstein never appears in the novel, he serves as a symbol of hope for Winston and others who seek to overthrow the party.
O'Brien is a high-ranking member of the party and initially appears as a friend and mentor to Winston, leading him to believe that he is also a member of the resistance movement. However, O'Brien eventually betrays Winston and reveals himself as a loyal member of the party, leading to Winston's torture and brainwashing.
The children in the novel are portrayed as indoctrinated members of the party, loyal to Big Brother and eager to denounce any dissidents or perceived enemies of the state. The children serve as a symbol of the party's successful propaganda machine and their ability to manipulate the younger generation.
Big Brother is the fictional leader of the ruling party, and although he is never seen or heard, his omnipresent image is used as a symbol of the party's control and surveillance over the population.
Finally, Mrs. Parsons is a neighbor of Winston's who is completely loyal to the party and embodies the "good citizen" archetype. She is portrayed as a foil to Winston and serves as a reminder of the party's successful indoctrination of the majority of the population.
In conclusion, the characters of Winston, Goldstein, O'Brien, the children, Big Brother, and Mrs. Parsons all serve to illustrate the oppressive and controlling nature of the ruling party in "1984." They highlight the struggle for freedom and the dangers of totalitarianism, serving as a cautionary tale about the dangers of government control and propaganda.