Question

1. Which of the following statements best summarizes the effects of the forced collectivization of farms in the Soviet Union?

O Collectivization had both short- and long-term negative effects on Soviet agriculture.
O Farm collectivization greatly increased the agricultural output of the Soviet Union.
O Collectivization produced short-term progress, but in the long term Soviet farms were not efficient.
Collectivization of farms produced short-term negative effects but resulted in better results over the long term.

Answer 1

Option A is the best statement that summarizes the effects of the forced collectivization of farms in the Soviet Union. Collectivization had both short- and long-term negative effects on Soviet agriculture.

Step-by-step explanation:

Answer 2

The forced collectivization of farms in the Soviet Union resulted in dire short-term consequences, including a severe famine and the decimation of livestock, and long-term inefficiency and stagnation in Soviet agriculture.

Step-by-step explanation:

The collectivization of farms in the Soviet Union, particularly under Stalin's rule, had predominantly negative outcomes. Implementing the forced collectivization of agriculture as part of the first Five-Year Plan profoundly impacted the Soviet Union and its agricultural output. This process required peasants to surrender their lands, animals, and equipment to state-run collective farms. The resistance from peasants was met with harsh punishment, including confiscation of property, arrests, and exile to labor camps.

The short-term effects included widespread destruction of livestock, as peasants killed their animals rather than turn them over to collective farms. This, combined with unrealistic production quotas, led to a severe famine in 1932-33, particularly in Ukraine, known as the Holodomor. The long-term effects were not any better; productivity never reached the desired levels, and the agricultural sector faced enduring issues of inefficiency and disorganization, lasting well into the latter part of the 20th century.

Thus, the most accurate statement regarding the effects of farm collectivization in the Soviet Union is that it had both short- and long-term negative effects on Soviet agriculture.