In the movie "The Last Samurai," Katsumoto, a traditional samurai, stubbornly resists change and modernization due to his strong attachment to traditional Japanese culture, values, and ways of life. He believes that Western modernization threatens to destroy Japan's traditional way of life and values, which have existed for centuries.
Katsumoto also believes that modernization is a threat to Japan's sovereignty and independence. He fears that if Japan becomes too modernized, it will become vulnerable to foreign influence and domination, as has happened in other parts of the world.
Moreover, Katsumoto's resistance to change and modernization is also a response to the sense of betrayal he feels towards the Japanese emperor and his own people who are embracing Westernization. He sees the emperor and his supporters as traitors who have sold out Japanese culture and values for the sake of modernization and power.
Overall, Katsumoto's stubborn resistance to change and modernization is driven by his deep attachment to traditional Japanese culture and values, his concern for Japan's sovereignty and independence, and his sense of betrayal towards the emperor and his supporters.