Question

1. _______ are thought to have been present before vertebrates.

2. Cladograms are graphic representations of evolutionary history, which is called _______. They are sometimes referred to as phylogenetic trees.
3. Each node, or intersection, on a cladogram represents a/n _______ between two species.
4. Traits, or characteristics, that organisms develop and are passed down to become new species are called _______ traits.
5. Traits or structures that likely developed from common ancestors are called _______ structures.
6. Traits or structures that have a similar function, or job, but are not shared due to common ancestry are called _______ structures.
7. Primates are a group of animals that have developed many adaptations such as larger brains, binocular vision and _______ thumbs that support arboreal life.
8. New World monkeys differ from Old World monkeys because they have _______ which act as additional hands when living in the trees.
9. _______ is an early australopithecine skeleton, found in 1974.
10. Homo _______ is not thought to have evolved into Homo sapiens. The two are now thought to have been present at the same time as sister species.
11. Describe how scientists use comparative anatomy when building cladograms.

Answer 1

1. Chordates

2. phylogeny

3. most recent common ancestor

4. derived

5. homologous

6. analogous

7. opposable

8. prehensile tails

9. Lucy

10. neanderthalensis

11. Using comparative anatomy, scientists identify similarities and differences in the anatomy of different species. Scientists would search for homologous structures, analogous structures, and vestigial structures to provide clues as they construct a cladogram.

Step-by-step explanation:

PF

Answer 2

Invertebrates are thought to have been present before vertebrates.

Cladograms are graphic representations of evolutionary history, which is called phylogeny. They are sometimes referred to as phylogenetic trees.

Each node, or intersection, on a cladogram represents a common ancestor between two species.

Traits, or characteristics, that organisms develop and are passed down to become new species are called acquired traits.

Traits or structures that likely developed from common ancestors are called homologous structures.

Traits or structures that have a similar function, or job, but are not shared due to common ancestry are called analogous structures.

Primates are a group of animals that have developed many adaptations such as larger brains, binocular vision and opposable thumbs that support arboreal life.

New World monkeys differ from Old World monkeys because they have prehensile tails which act as additional hands when living in the trees.

Lucy is an early australopithecine skeleton, found in 1974.

Homo neanderthalensis is not thought to have evolved into Homo sapiens. The two are now thought to have been present at the same time as sister species.

Scientists use comparative anatomy to identify homologous structures, or traits that are shared due to a common ancestor, among different species. By comparing these structures across many different species, scientists can build cladograms that show the evolutionary relationships between them.