Answer:
The Central Processing Unit (CPU) is an essential component of a computer that performs all arithmetic, logical, input/output (I/O), and control operations. The CPU consists of three primary components: the control unit, the arithmetic logic unit, and registers.
Control Unit (CU):
The Control Unit (CU) is responsible for controlling the flow of instructions in the computer system. It receives instructions from memory and decodes them, determining which operations to perform and in what order. It also controls the input/output operations of the computer system.
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU):
The Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) is responsible for performing arithmetic and logical operations in the CPU. It performs basic arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It also performs logical operations such as AND, OR, NOT, and XOR.
Registers:
Registers are small, high-speed storage locations within the CPU that hold data and instructions. They are used to temporarily hold data and instructions that are frequently accessed by the CPU, allowing the CPU to access them quickly.
Below is a simplified diagram of a CPU with its major components:
+-----------------------+
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| Control Unit |
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+-----------------------+
| (1)
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|
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+-----------------------+
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| Arithmetic Logic Unit |
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+-----------------------+
| (2)
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+-----------------------+
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| Registers |
| |
+-----------------------+
(1) The control unit directs the flow of instructions, and the registers hold data and instructions.
(2) The arithmetic logic unit performs arithmetic and logical operations on the data in the registers.