1. When designing organizational structure, there are several key elements that should be considered, including:
a. Hierarchical levels: This refers to the number of levels of management within the organization, and how they are organized.
b. Span of control: This refers to the number of employees that report to a single manager. A wide span of control means that a manager oversees many employees, while a narrow span of control means that a manager oversees only a few.
c. Departmentalization: This refers to the grouping of employees into departments based on their function, product or service, geography, or customer.
d. Coordination and communication: This refers to how different parts of the organization work together, and how information flows through the organization.
e. Formalization: This refers to the level of rules, procedures, and guidelines in the organization.
2. Managers should study the types of personality because understanding the personalities of their employees can help them to manage them more effectively. Different personalities respond to different management styles, so managers need to be able to adapt their leadership style to suit each employee. Additionally, understanding personalities can help managers to build more effective teams by creating a mix of personalities that work well together. Personality also affects employee motivation, job satisfaction, and job performance, so managers who understand personality can create a better work environment that fosters productivity and growth.
3. The rational decision-making process is a structured approach to making decisions that involves several steps:
Identifying the problem or decision to be made: This involves recognizing that a decision needs to be made, and defining the problem or opportunity that the decision will address.
a. Gathering information: This involves gathering all of the relevant information needed to make an informed decision.
b. Identifying alternatives: This involves brainstorming and evaluating all of the possible alternatives to the problem or decision.
c. Evaluating alternatives: This involves weighing the pros and cons of each alternative, and assessing their potential risks and benefits.
d. Choosing the best alternative: This involves selecting the alternative that is the most logical and feasible.
Implementing the decision: This involves putting the chosen alternative into action.
e. Evaluating the outcome: This involves assessing the outcome of the decision, and determining whether it was successful or not. If it was not successful, the process may need to be repeated with new alternatives.