India's climate is very different from the Himalayas, which are always covered in snow, in the north to the tropics in the south. There are four seasons in the nation. The months of December through February are relatively dry and cool, while the months of March through May are dry and hot. From June through September, the majority of the country experiences monsoon rains brought on by predominant southwest maritime winds. In October and November, the northeast experiences retreating dry monsoons. The northwest experiences temperatures between 12.5 and 30 degrees Celsius, while the north, northeast, and south experience temperatures between 22.5 and 30 degrees Celsius. For most of the country, the average annual rainfall is between 1,000 and 1,500 millimeters, but it can be very low in the northwest (150 to 300 millimeters) and very high in the northeast and along the west coast (1,500 to 2,500 millimeters). Source: The Himalayas separate South Asia from the rest of Asia. [Source: Library of Congress] The climate and terrain south of these mountains are extremely diverse, but some geographers describe it as violent in a single word: violent. Geographers consider the onset of monsoon rains, sudden flooding, rapid erosion, temperature extremes, tropical storms, and unpredictable rainfall fluctuations to be examples of abrupt change and its intensity. In general, India's agriculture is constantly challenged by unpredictable weather.
Seasons can be identified, but not in a uniform manner throughout South Asia. The year is divided into four seasons by the Indian Meteorological Service: the cold, dry, and comparatively dry winter from December to February; the dry, warm summer from Spring through May; the southwest monsoon, which occurs from June to September and is characterized by predominant southwest maritime winds that bring rain to the majority of the nation; and the monsoon that moved northeast in October and November, or it was moving away.