Step-by-step explanation
From the statement, we know that:
• Based on James' past statistics, his rate is 12.5% ⇒ ,H₀: p = 0.125,,
,
• to test whether the true proportion of strikeouts against left-handed pitchers using James's new stance is less than 12.5% ⇒ ,Hₐ: p < 0.125, which is a left-tailed test,.
Combining these conclusions, we have that the hypothesis test consists in:
• H₀: p = 0.125; Hₐ: p < 0.125, which is a left-tailed test.
Answer
H₀: p = 0.125; Hₐ: p < 0.125, which is a left-tailed test.