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The Crusades
"Freshly quickened by the divine correction, you must apply the strength of your righteousness to another matter which concerns you as well as God. For your brethren who live in the east are in urgent need of your help, and you must hasten to give them the aid which has often been promised them. For, as the most of you have heard, the Turks and Arabs have attacked them and have conquered the territory of Romania [the Greek empire] as far west as the shore of the Mediterranean and the Hellespont, which is called the Arm of St. George. They have occupied more and more of the lands of those Christians, and have overcome them in seven battles. They have killed and captured many, and have destroyed the churches and devastated the empire. If you permit them to continue thus for awhile with impurity, the faithful of God will be much more widely attacked by them. On this account I, or rather the Lord, beseech you as Christ's heralds to publish this everywhere and to persuade all people of whatever rank, foot-soldiers and knights, poor and rich, to carry aid promptly to those Christians and to destroy that vile race from the lands of our friends. I say this to those who are present, it meant also for those who are absent. Moreover, Christ commands it. All who die by the way, whether by land or by sea, or in battle against the pagans, shall have immediate remission of sins. This I grant them through the power of God with which I am invested."
- excerpt from a speech given by Pope Urban II in 1095, calling for the First Crusade
Question 1
According to Pope Urban II, why was the first Crusade necessary?
Responses
A. Muslim merchants had cheated many Europeans and the Crusades attempted to right this wrong. Muslim merchants had cheated many Europeans and the Crusades attempted to right this wrong.
B The Crusades would bring Christianity to people in Asia who had never heard of this religion.The Crusades would bring Christianity to people in Asia who had never heard of this religion.
C The Holy City of Constantinople had fallen to barbarians. The Holy City of Constantinople had fallen to barbarians.
D European Christians along the Mediterranean were under attack by Islamic armies from the Arab world. European Christians along the Mediterranean were under attack by Islamic armies from the Arab world.
Question 2
Which of these was NOT a motivating factor for Christian knights going to fight in the Crusades?
Responses
A Knights had the opportunity to gain wealth through the conquest of foreign lands. Knights had the opportunity to gain wealth through the conquest of foreign lands.
B Crusaders were told it was their duty to help their Christian brothers in the east. Crusaders were told it was their duty to help their Christian brothers in the east.
C All knights who fought in the Crusades were promised lands and wealth when they returned home. All knights who fought in the Crusades were promised lands and wealth when they returned home.
D The pope promised forgiveness of sins for all who died in battle. The pope promised forgiveness of sins for all who died in battle.