Answer: Freeze-thaw weathering and Chemical Weathering
Explanation: I can't see the options, but I'll give it a go.
Physical weathering occurs when rocks are broken down into smaller pieces without changing their composition. The alternating freeze-thaw cycles in Lansing during the winter season contribute to the physical weathering of the sandstone cliffs. Water seeps into cracks and crevices in the rocks and then freezes when temperatures drop below freezing point. When water freezes, it expands, causing the rocks to crack and break apart. This process is called freeze-thaw weathering. Evidence for physical weathering can be seen in the form of small cracks and fractures on the surface of the sandstone cliffs.
Chemical weathering occurs when rocks are broken down by chemical reactions. In Lansing, the water that seeps into the sandstone cliffs contains dissolved iron, copper, and manganese. Over time, these minerals react with the sandstone, causing it to break down and dissolve. The dissolved minerals then stain the surface of the sandstone cliffs, giving them their characteristic red, green, and black stripes. Evidence for chemical weathering can be seen in the staining on the surface of the sandstone cliffs and the presence of dissolved minerals in the water that flows from the cliffs.