Answer:
Step-by-step explanation:
Scientists use physical evidence to infer evolutionary relationships between different species of modern organisms and between extinct and modern organisms by comparing and contrasting their physical characteristics. The basic idea is that species that are more closely related will share more physical similarities than species that are less closely related.
One way that scientists compare physical characteristics is through the use of comparative anatomy. Comparative anatomy involves studying the physical structures of organisms and comparing them to the physical structures of other organisms. For example, scientists might compare the bones of different animals to look for similarities and differences in their structure, shape, and size. If two species share many physical similarities, such as similar bone structure, this suggests that they are more closely related evolutionarily.
Another way that scientists compare physical characteristics is through the use of molecular biology. Molecular biology involves studying the genetic material of organisms, such as DNA or RNA. By comparing the genetic sequences of different organisms, scientists can look for similarities and differences in their DNA or RNA. If two species share many similarities in their genetic material, this suggests that they are more closely related evolutionarily.
In addition to comparative anatomy and molecular biology, scientists also use other forms of physical evidence to infer evolutionary relationships between organisms. For example, they might study the fossil record to look for physical similarities and differences between extinct and modern organisms. By examining the physical characteristics of fossils, scientists can create a timeline of when certain species existed and how they evolved over time.
In summary, scientists use physical evidence such as comparative anatomy, molecular biology, and the fossil record to infer evolutionary relationships between different species of modern organisms and between extinct and modern organisms. By comparing and contrasting the physical characteristics of different organisms, scientists can create a better understanding of how different species are related evolutionarily.