Many of these nations were "reincarnated" after World War I as they started to reconstruct after suffering the effects of conflict, famine, and cultural hegemony. Economic collapse, conflict, forced migration, and famine shaped the area we now call the Middle East and gave rise to new ethnic identities.
The CIA created a map of Kurdish territory. if we talk about The overwhelming majority came by sea, but some migrants reached by land, primarily via Turkey and Albania. Winter has not stopped the influx of people, with the UNHCR reporting that 135,711 people have arrived in Europe by water since the beginning of 2016.
According to the International Organization for Migration (IOM), over 1,011,700 refugees came by water in 2015, with nearly 34,900 arriving by land.
In comparison, 280,000 people arrived by land and water in 2014. The numbers do not include those who entered the country unnoticed.
The EU's external border force, Frontex, monitors the different routes migrants use and numbers arriving at Europe's borders and put the figure crossing into Europe in 2015 at more than 1,800,000.
Frontex, the EU's external border agency, tracks the various paths refugees take and the number of people landing at Europe's frontiers, and estimates that over 1,800,000 people crossed into Europe in 2015.
Most visitors to Greece travel by water from Turkey to the Greek islands of Kos, Chios, Lesvos, and Samos, often in flimsy inflatable dinghies or small wooden vessels.
The majority perished traveling from North Africa to Italy, and over 800 killed crossing the Aegean from Turkey to Greece.
Summer is typically when the most deaths occur because it is the busiest season for refugees trying to reach Europe.
However, the deadliest month for refugees in 2015 was April, when a boat transporting approximately 800 people capsized in the Mediterranean the sea off Libya. Overcrowding is thought to have been one of the reasons for the disaster