Answer:
Let us consider a hydraulic machine of 2 vessels of CSA 'A1' and 'A2' respectively. These vessels are fitted with watertight frictionless pistons. The CSA of the small vessel is 'A1' and large vessel is 'A2'. So, 'A1' < 'A2'.
When a force 'F1' is applied on the small piston of area 'A1', a pressure 'P1' is exerted on the small piston. According to Pascal's law:
Pressure in small piston = Pressure in the large piston
i. e. P1 = P2
or, F1 / A1 = F2 / A2
or, F1.A2 = F2.A1
Since A2 > A1, F1 > F2
Hence, a hydraulic machine is a force multiplier.
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One more reason : -
Because it applies Pascal's formula:
F = P ×S
Here,
F = Force
P = Press
S = Surface Area
- According to Pascal's law, in a closed system, pressure is equal everywhere, hence the same pressure will act on the huge piston on the other side as well.
- For example, if the lift cylinder has a diameter of 25 cm and the small cylinder has a diameter of 1.25 cm, the ratio of the areas is 400, and the hydraulic press arrangement produces a force multiplier of 400 times.