Question

1. Describe 3 important elements of effective instruction giving.

2. Name 3 types of drillings.

3. Why should the use of the students’ mother tongue be used with care in the classroom?

4.What technique can teachers use when doing dialogue work to promote more natural pronounciation?

Answer 1

1. 3 important elements of effective instruction giving:

1. Make sure you have the attention of the entire class before giving instructions

» ​Before you start giving your instructions, make sure you have everyone’s attention. Wait until all the students stop talking, are seated, calm, and ready to listen to.

2. Use concise and specific commands

Instructions must be kept as simple as possible and they must be logical.

For example:

» ​Now, I want you to get out a piece of paper and put it on your desk. Once the paper is on your desk, could you please write down five sentences about what you did last weekend? (Wordy commands)

» Please, take a piece of paper, and then write down five sentences about what you did last weekend. (Concise commands)

3. Give instructions one at a time

Try not to give students too much information at once. Especially for kids who have attention challenges, try to avoid giving a series of instructions. Instead, create a step by step outline.

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​2. Types of Drillings:

Repetition or imitation drills

Basically, a teacher says a model and the students repeat it.

Example:

Prompt: I didn’t like the TV program, so I went to sleep.

Response: I didn’t like the TV program, so I went to sleep.

Substitution drills

Teachers use substitution drills to practice structures or vocabulary items. The idea is to practice one or more words change during the drill.

Example:

Prompt: Leila is a very beautiful girl (intelligent).

Response: Leila is a very intelligent girl.

Prompt: John is helpful (modest).

Response: John is modest

Question and answer drills

Question and answer drills refer to the use of questions as prompts. Students provide the answer in a very controlled way.

Example:

Prompt: Is there a teacher in the classroom?

Response: Yes, there is.

Prompt: Are there any desks in the classroom?

Response: Yes, there are.

Or:

Prompt: What’s the matter?

Response: I have a (backache).

Prompt: What’s the matter?

Response: I have a (toothache).

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3. First and foremost it should be noted that a child understands his mother tongue and hence if he/she is instructed in that language itself, his transition to school education is smooth and easy.

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5. Pour the Conversational English Foundation

In order to teach conversational English effectively, you must first understand the importance of conversational strategy.

As an ESL teacher, you have a fluent command of English. Therefore, you may forget the basic strategies of holding a meaningful conversation since it comes naturally to you. This is a common mistake many ESL teachers make, often giving a single topic to students and letting them loose to figure out conversational techniques on their own.

In order to avoid common conversational English missteps, it is essential to present important foundational elements: for example, how to assert opinions, ask questions and use follow-up questions to keep a discussion moving forward.

Answer 2

1. Clear, consistent, and respectful routines, procedures, and expectations are collaboratively established; students know what is expected, when, and why. Tools and materials are readily available to students. The learning environment can be configured in different ways to best fit the task at hand.

2. The three types of drillings are : Radial drilling machine. Gang drilling machine. Multi-spindle drilling machine. Deep hole drilling machine.

3.Providing primary education in mother tongue will also decentralize the task of textbook making which has been long recommended by Dr Yashpal Sharma. This will bring the content in textbooks closer to children and make them understand the syllabus better. Thus targeting mechanical learning.

4.Teachers can use tongue twisters as an effective tool to improve students' pronunciation abilities. By encouraging them in embracing the challenge of tongue twisting, they become self motivated to achieve excellence.