Answer and Explanation:
1. The adjusting entry is
Net unrealised holding gain or loss $45,000 ($85,000 - $40,000)
To Fair value adjustment $45,000
(being net unrealized holding gain or loss is recorded)
2. In the income statement, the amount that should be reported is zero as the net unrealized gain or loss would be reported as an other comprehensive income also it is a part of the stockholder equity