Step-by-step explanation:
Dinoflagellates are a type of unicellular marine algae that play a significant role in marine ecosystems. They contain chlorophyll a and c, along with a secondary pigment called peridinin, which gives them a yellow-brown color. Dinoflagellates are capable of both autotrophy and heterotrophy, which means they can produce their own food through photosynthesis and also consume other organisms as a source of energy. They store food in the form of starch or oil, depending on the species. The cell wall of dinoflagellates is composed of cellulose plates that are embedded in a mucilage layer. Some dinoflagellates also have additional structures such as horns, spines, or flagella that aid in locomotion and defense. Due to their unique characteristics, dinoflagellates have important ecological roles, including serving as primary producers, providing food for marine organisms, and contributing to the formation of harmful algal blooms.