Answer:
d. Pictorialism
Step-by-step explanation:
Pictorialism was an art movement in photography that emerged in the late 19th century and lasted until the 1920s. Pictorialist photographers aimed to create images that looked like paintings or drawings, often by using soft focus, selective focus, and other techniques to manipulate the image. They believed that photography should be considered as an art form, and that the "hand of the photographer" should be visible in the final image. Therefore, manipulation was a common practice in Pictorialism, and the resulting photographs often had a dreamlike, poetic quality.