None of the given options provide a clear and accurate explanation of why northerners wanted southerners to pay a tax on any goods bought from Europe. The actual reason was that northerners wanted to protect their own industries from foreign competition. They believed that by imposing a tariff on imported goods, they could make domestically produced goods more competitive by making foreign goods more expensive. This would help northern industries grow and create more jobs, at the expense of southern industries that relied more heavily on imported goods. So the correct answer is: They wanted to protect their own industries from foreign competition.