Answer:
Explanation: One example of a scientific argument explaining the advantage of a particular type of moth is the case of the peppered moth (Biston betularia) in England during the Industrial Revolution. Before the widespread pollution of the Industrial Revolution, the light-colored form of the peppered moth was more common because it was well camouflaged against lichen-covered tree bark. However, as industrialization caused air pollution and killed lichens, the bark of trees became darker, making the dark-colored form of the moth more camouflaged and therefore more successful at avoiding predation. This change in the environment gave the dark-colored moth an advantage over the light-colored moth because it was better camouflaged against the new background, making it less likely to be eaten by predators such as birds.
The advantage of the dark-colored form of the peppered moth was due to natural selection, which is the process by which organisms with traits that are better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their advantageous traits to their offspring. In this case, the dark-colored moths had an advantage because they were more likely to survive and reproduce in the polluted environment, passing on their genes for dark coloration to the next generation. Over time, the frequency of the dark-colored form increased, while the light-colored form decreased, demonstrating the power of natural selection to shape the evolution of a species in response to environmental changes.