Answer:
During the Holocaust, Jews who were refugees from other countries were generally more vulnerable than German Jews. This was because they lacked the legal protections and social networks that German Jews had established prior to the rise of Nazi power.
German Jews had been living in Germany for generations and had integrated into German society. They had established businesses, built social networks, and were well-educated and influential in many areas of German society. However, even German Jews were not immune to persecution and discrimination once the Nazis came to power.
Jewish refugees, on the other hand, were often fleeing persecution in their home countries and lacked legal status, citizenship, or other forms of protection in the countries where they sought refuge. They were often subject to discriminatory policies and violence, and many were turned away by countries that refused to accept them as refugees.
This suggests that the society's "universe of obligation" at the time was limited, meaning that there were certain groups of people who were seen as deserving of protection and support, while others were not. In this case, German Jews had been able to establish themselves as part of German society and were seen as having more rights and protections than refugees, who were viewed as outsiders and therefore less deserving of protection.
This highlights the importance of creating a more inclusive universe of obligation that recognizes the humanity and rights of all people, regardless of their nationality, ethnicity, religion, or other factors. It's essential to protect the rights and well-being of all people, particularly those who are most vulnerable and marginalized.