Answer: Athena solves the problem by transforming Arachne into a spider.
Step-by-step explanation:
Athena solves the problem by transforming Arachne into a spider. This is both a punishment, because spiders have a bad reputation, and a reward, because spiders are known for their ability to spin webs and weave. Athena also gives Arachne the gift of immortality, so that she can continue to weave her webs forever. In this way, Athena is able to both punish and reward Arachne for her disobedience.