People living in Russia and Europe with extremely cold climates have adapted their building methods to suit their climates by constructing buildings with features that help them withstand the harsh weather conditions. For example, traditional Russian homes known as izbas are built using thick wooden logs that provide insulation and retain heat, and have steeply pitched roofs to help the snow slide off. Similarly, traditional homes in Norway and Sweden are made using timber frames and thick walls, with thatched roofs or roofs made of turf that also provide insulation and help retain heat.
In addition, many homes in these areas also feature basements or cellars that are dug deep into the ground, which helps keep the building's foundation below the frost line and prevents it from shifting or cracking as the ground freezes and thaws. Windows are also typically smaller and located high up on the walls to minimize heat loss, while doors may be double-layered or have a small, enclosed porch area to create an airlock and keep the cold air out.
Overall, people living in these regions have developed building methods that allow them to stay warm and comfortable in extremely cold climates, while also taking into account factors such as energy efficiency, sustainability, and durability.