Answer:
The process that allows the BRCA1 and/or BRCA2 mutation to be passed from parent to offspring is called inheritance. Specifically, these mutations are inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, which means that a person who inherits one copy of the mutated gene from either parent will have an increased risk of developing certain types of cancer.
The difference in the DNA sequence caused by the mutation can result in a difference in the protein product. BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes encode proteins that help suppress tumor growth by repairing damaged DNA or triggering cell death if the damage is too severe. Mutations in these genes can lead to a dysfunctional protein product that is unable to perform these critical functions, thus increasing the risk of cancer development. The specific type of mutation can affect the severity of the dysfunction, with some mutations resulting in a complete loss of function while others only partially impair protein activity.