Answer:
Darwin's finches are a classic example of natural selection. The finches evolved over time to adapt to the environment in which they lived, primarily due to changes in the size of the beaks. Different beak sizes allowed the birds to survive in different environments and eat a wider variety of food, leading to greater reproductive success.
The peppered moths of Manchester, England are another example of natural selection. Due to industrial pollution, the environment changed and the light-colored moths became more visible to predators than their dark-colored counterparts. This meant that the dark-colored moths were more successful at reproducing, leading to a shift in the population over time in favor of the darker moths.
Finally, swifts have also been used as an example of natural selection. Swifts have evolved over time to have smaller clutch sizes, meaning that fewer eggs are laid at once. This allows them to invest more energy into each egg, leading to higher survival rates for those eggs. This is an example of natural selection in action, as the swifts with the smaller clutch sizes are more successful than those with larger ones. All of these examples demonstrate the role of selective pressures/agents in the environment and the impact of differential reproductive success on the population over time.