Answer:
In computer science, sorting refers to the process of arranging a collection of data elements in a specific order, typically ascending or descending. The sorting process is essential in many computer applications, as it allows for efficient searching, indexing, and processing of data.
There are various types of sorting algorithms used in computer science, including:
Bubble Sort: Bubble sort is a simple algorithm that repeatedly steps through the list, compares adjacent elements and swaps them if they are in the wrong order. The pass through the list is repeated until the list is sorted.
Selection Sort: Selection sort is another simple algorithm that divides the input list into two parts: the sublist of items already sorted and the sublist of items remaining to be sorted. It then finds the smallest element in the unsorted sublist, exchanges it with the leftmost unsorted element, and moves the sublist boundaries one element to the right.
Insertion Sort: Insertion sort is a simple algorithm that builds the final sorted array one item at a time. It iterates through the input list, comparing each item to the items in the sorted array and inserting the item in the correct position.
Merge Sort: Merge sort is a divide-and-conquer algorithm that recursively divides the input list into smaller sub-lists, sorts those sub-lists, and then merges them back together to form the final sorted list.
Quick Sort: Quick sort is another divide-and-conquer algorithm that works by selecting a 'pivot' element from the array and partitioning the other elements into two sub-arrays, according to whether they are less than or greater than the pivot. It then recursively sorts the sub-arrays.
Heap Sort: Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting algorithm that creates a binary heap from the input list and then repeatedly extracts the maximum element from the heap and rebuilds the heap until the list is sorted.