Explanation:
48/3 = 16 apples were too small.
48/4 = 12 apples were too green.
48/10 = 4.8 ≈ 4 apples were bruised.
we have to round down to the nearest integer.
because the 10th, the 20th, the 30th and the 40th apples were bruised. there was no 50th. so, only 4 bruised aplles.
and now : there could be a mixture. e.g. a small apple can also be bruised. a bruised apple can also be too green. and so on.
but your teacher did not give any indications or information on that. so, we have to assume that these are disjunct events.
so, we have to deduct all imperfect apples from the total amount.
the number of perfect apples is
48 - 16 - 12 - 4 = 16