Question

How changes in permeability affect diffusion and osmosis Imagine a beaker of water that contains two types of solutes, represented in the following diagrams by the colors red and blue. A barrier divides the beaker in half and consists of a phospholipid bilayer and embedded integral proteins. This barrier mimics For the first 30 minutes, no net changes occur within the beaker. The image that follows is a snapshot of the solute and water particles at exactly 30 minutes. Each colored arrow tracks the movement of a single blue, red, or grey particle over the course of these 30 minutes. Snapshot at 30 Minutes Number of Particles Red: 2 Blue: 4 Water (grey): 100 Number of Particles Red: 4 Blue: 2 Water (grey): 100 Red Concentration: 0.02 0.04: Red Concentration Blue Concentration: 0.04 0.02: Blue Concentration The concentration of a solute is typically given in terms of molarity, or the number of moles of a solute per liter of solvent. In this problem, concentration is represented in terms of the ratio of the number of solute particles to solvent particles. For example, on the left side, there are 2 red solute particles and 100 water particles. Therefore, the concentration is = 0.02 red particles per solvent particle. 2 100 In the following table, determine whether each of the statements correctly describe the events of the first 30 minutes. In the First 30 Minutes True or False A concentration gradient exists for the red solute. Red particles can move freely throughout the beaker. Water can move freely throughout the beaker. At the end of 30 minutes, an electric field is applied to the membrane. The membrane proteins change shape, altering the permeability of the barrier. Over the next 30 minutes, the contents of both sides of the beaker change. Following is a snapshot of the solute and water particles after exactly 60 minutes. Calculate the concentration of the red solute in the right half of the beaker and enter it in the corresponding box (marked with a "?"). Snapshot at 60 Minutes Number of Particles Red: 3 Blue: 3 Water (grey): 100 Number of Particles Red: 3 Blue: 3 Water (grey): 100 Red Concentration: 0.03 с : Red Concentration Blue Concentration: 0.03 0.03: Blue Concentration с In the following table, determine whether each of the statements correctly describe the events between 30 and 60 minutes. Between 30 and 60 Minutes True or False Diffusion of the red solute occurs. A concentration gradient remains the same for the red solute. Water can move freely throughout the beaker. At the end of 60 minutes, ATP is added to both sides of the beaker in equal amounts. Following is a snapshot of the solute and water particles after exactly 90 minutes. Calculate the concentration of the red solute in the right half of the beaker and enter it in the corresponding box (marked with a "?"). Snapshot at 90 Minutes Number of Particles Red: 6 Blue: 3 Water (grey): 150 Number of Particles Red: 0 Blue: 3 Water (grey): 50 Red Concentration: 0.04 с : Red Concentration Blue Concentration: 0.02 0.06: Blue Concentration с In the following table, determine whether each of the statements correctly describe the events between 60 and 90 minutes. Between 60 and 90 Minutes True or False The concentration gradient of the red and blue solute intensifies. Red and blue particles undergo diffusion. Red and blue particles undergo active transport.

Answer 1

Osmosis is a special case of diffusion where water moves from an area of high concentration to low concentration. Between 30 and 60 minutes, diffusion of the red solute occurs, but the concentration gradient remains the same. Between 60 and 90 minutes, the concentration gradient of the solutes intensifies, and both red and blue particles undergo diffusion.

Step-by-step explanation:

Osmosis is a special case of diffusion, where water moves from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. In the beaker example, the solute particles cannot diffuse through the membrane, but water can. Water will diffuse down its concentration gradient, crossing the membrane to the side where it is less concentrated. This process, called osmosis, continues until the concentration gradient of water goes to zero.

Between 30 and 60 minutes, diffusion of the red solute occurs, but the concentration gradient remains the same. Water can still move freely throughout the beaker. At the end of 60 minutes, ATP is not added to both sides of the beaker, so the statement is false.

Between 60 and 90 minutes, the concentration gradient of the red and blue solute intensifies. Both red and blue particles undergo diffusion, but they do not undergo active transport.