Answer:
The Phalanx
Step-by-step explanation:
The phalanx was a tight formation of infantry soldiers, usually armed with long spears called pikes, who stood shoulder to shoulder in several rows. Each row overlapped the shields of the soldiers in front of them, creating a wall of shields and pikes that was difficult for the enemy to penetrate. The soldiers in the front row were the most heavily armored and experienced fighters, while those in the back rows were usually younger and less experienced.
The phalanx was highly effective because it allowed the Greeks to use their superior discipline, training, and organization to defeat enemies with superior numbers. The tightly packed formation made it difficult for the enemy to break through or flank the Greeks, and the long pikes allowed the soldiers to attack from a distance, making it difficult for the enemy to retaliate. The phalanx was used by various Greek city-states, most famously by the Spartans, and was instrumental in many of their victories during the classical period.