a) The man has four children, so he can claim a Personal Allowance of N4,000 for each child, which gives a total allowance of N16,000. In addition, he can claim an allowance for his dependent relative, which is N1,510. Therefore, his total allowances are N16,000 + N1,510 = N17,510.
b) To calculate his taxable income, we need to subtract his allowances from his monthly income. Therefore, his taxable income is N49,190 - N17,510 = N31,680.
c) To calculate the amount of tax he pays, we need to use the tax rates and tax brackets for his income level. Assuming he is a resident of Nigeria, the tax rates and brackets for the 2021 tax year are as follows:
First N30,000: 7.5%
Next N30,000: 11%
Next N50,000: 15%
Next N50,000: 19%
Next N50,000: 21%
Above N300,000: 24%
The man's taxable income of N31,680 falls into the first two tax brackets. The first N30,000 of his income is taxed at a rate of 7.5%, which equals N2,250. The remaining N1,680 is taxed at a rate of 11%, which equals N184.80. Therefore, the total tax he pays is N2,250 + N184.80 = N2,434.80.
Note that this calculation assumes that the man has no other deductions or credits, and that he is not subject to any other taxes or levies. It also assumes that he is a resident of Nigeria and that his income is subject to Nigerian income tax