Answer
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Step-by-step explanation:
Interpersonal racism refers to individual beliefs, attitudes, and actions that discriminate against people based on their race or ethnicity. Institutional racism, on the other hand, refers to systemic policies, practices, and cultural norms within institutions that disadvantage or discriminate against people of a particular race or ethnicity.
The point at which Carmen's view about not admitting people of color into a club becomes institutional racism is when this belief is codified into the club's policies, practices, or cultural norms, and is used to systematically exclude people of color from accessing the club's resources or opportunities. This could take the form of explicit policies that exclude people of color, or more subtle practices that create barriers to their participation.
For example, if the club's policies state that members must be of a certain race or ethnicity in order to join, this would be an example of institutional racism. Similarly, if the club's practices or cultural norms make it difficult for people of color to feel welcome or included, this could also be an example of institutional racism.
It's important to note that institutional racism often operates in more subtle and systemic ways than interpersonal racism, and can be more difficult to identify and address. However, it is no less damaging to those who are affected by it, and requires systemic change in order to be dismantled.