The moon's lack of atmosphere means that it has no significant weather or climate, and its surface is exposed to extreme temperature variations, with daytime temperatures reaching up to 127 degrees Celsius and nighttime temperatures dropping to as low as -173 degrees Celsius.
In contrast, the Earth's atmosphere plays a crucial role in regulating its temperature and climate. The greenhouse effect, which is caused by the presence of certain gases in the atmosphere (such as carbon dioxide, methane, and water vapor), traps some of the sun's heat and helps to keep the Earth's surface warm. Without this greenhouse effect, the Earth's average surface temperature would be well below freezing, making it inhospitable to most forms of life.
The atmosphere also causes the Earth to have weather, which is the result of complex interactions between the atmosphere, the oceans, and the land surface. Weather patterns are driven by differences in temperature and pressure, which create winds and air currents that can cause storms, hurricanes, and other extreme weather events. The Earth's atmosphere also protects it from harmful solar radiation and cosmic rays, making it a suitable environment for life as we know it.