The colonists and Great Britain are the political entities mentioned in this statement. Jefferson is an advocate for both the restoration of the United States after its separation from Great Britain. Legislators in the American colonies were thought to have authorized the long-standing unity of Britain and its colonies.
It states that by "dissolving the political bands," every American is a unique "country," which reinstates the "state of nature," or "political concord," among Americans that existed in the British monarchy between themselves and the rest of "the People" is eliminated.