Answer: It protects your body from harm, keeps your body hydrated, produces new skin cells, and contains melanin, which determines the color of your skin.
The stratum corneum is the outermost layer of the epidermis and is composed of dead scale-like cells that become progressively flattened and joined together. In addition, the outer skin, or epidermis contains a strong protein called keratin. Keratin is insoluble in water, making this layer waterproof. The outermost layer of the epidermis (stratum corneum) holds in water and keeps your skin hydrated and healthy. Melanocyte is a highly differentiated cell that produces pigment melanin inside melanosomes. This cell is dark and dendritic in shape. Melanin production is the basic function of melanocytes. With the process of differentiation, this cell loses proliferative potential. A special type of cell is found right below the epidermis (top layer of skin). These cells are very close to the nerve endings that receive the sensation of touch and may be involved in touch. The cells also contain substances that may act as hormones.
The dermis is divided into two layers: the papillary dermis and the reticular dermis. It consists of collagen fibers, fibroblast cells, fat cells, blood vessels (capillary loops), nerve fibers, touch receptors (Meissner corpuscles), and cells that fight bacteria (phagocytes). The blood vessels of the dermis provide nutrients to the skin and help regulate body temperature. Heat makes the blood vessels enlarge (dilate), allowing large amounts of blood to circulate near the skin surface, where the heat can be released. Cold makes the blood vessels narrow (constrict), retaining the body's heat. The eccrine sweat gland, which is controlled by the sympathetic nervous system, regulates body temperature. When the internal temperature rises, the eccrine glands secrete water to the skin surface, where heat is removed by evaporation. The blood vessels in the dermis are crucial for the maintenance of the epidermis and epidermal appendages. Nutrients via blood support the epidermis, hair follicles, and sweat glands. Feeling different sensations: Nerve endings in your dermis allow you to feel different sensations, like pressure, pain, heat, cold, and itchiness. Producing sweat: Your dermis contains sweat glands, which produce sweat when you're hot or experience stress. Sweat helps control your body temperature (thermoregulation). The hypodermis layer includes Adipose tissue: Adipose tissue is a fatty tissue that consists mostly of adipocytes. Blood vessels: Blood vessels include arteries, capillaries, and veins. They circulate blood throughout your body, help deliver oxygen to vital organs, and remove waste products. The hypodermis is the bottom layer of skin in your body. It has many important functions, including storing energy, connecting the dermis layer of your skin to your muscles and bones, insulating your body, and protecting your body from harm.