Answer:
The correct answer is "Literacy tests."
Step-by-step explanation:
Historically, some states in the United States used literacy tests to prevent African Americans and other minority groups from voting. These tests required voters to demonstrate an ability to read and write, but they were often administered in an unfair and discriminatory way, with white officials purposely administering difficult tests or asking questions unrelated to voting. The use of literacy tests to disenfranchise voters was outlawed by the Voting Rights Act of 1965.