Final answer:
Electrons are subatomic particles with a negative charge, and they are located outside the nucleus, in a region often visualized as an electron cloud. Hence, the correct answer to the question is that electrons are negatively charged and located outside the nucleus. So the correct option is d.
Step-by-step explanation:
In addressing the question regarding the characteristics of electrons, the correct answer is that electrons are negatively charged and located outside the nucleus. Electrons are subatomic particles with a negative charge and are found in the space surrounding the nucleus of an atom. This area, often visualized as a cloud, is where electrons exist and move, occupying different energy levels or shells.
Atoms are composed of three types of subatomic particles: protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons, which have a positive charge, and neutrons, which are neutral, are both located in the nucleus at the center of the atom. The negatively charged electrons orbit the nucleus, and it is this movement and arrangement that largely determines the atom's size and chemical properties.
In a neutral atom, the number of negatively charged electrons is equal to the number of positively charged protons, balancing out to no net charge. Therefore, the answer to the question is d. They are negatively charged and located outside the nucleus.