Answer:
1. Option B
2. Option A
Step-by-step explanation:
1. A plant cell is successfully transformed if the cell reads the new gene and makes the protein (option B). In genetic engineering, transformation is the process of introducing foreign DNA into a cell to modify its characteristics. When the foreign DNA is successfully incorporated into the cell's genome, the cell reads the new gene and produces the corresponding protein. This allows scientists to create genetically modified plants with new traits, such as increased resistance to pests or enhanced nutritional value. If the cell is unable to read the new gene (option C), then it will not produce the corresponding protein and the transformation will not be successful. Similarly, if a plasmid is unable to enter the cell (option D), then the foreign DNA will not be incorporated and the transformation will not be successful. Option A ("a plasmid enters the cell and the cell breaks down the plasmid") is not an indication of successful transformation, but rather of plasmid degradation or clearance by the cell.
2. A. The source of Dolly's DNA is a single cell taken from an adult individual. This is a difference between Dolly and animals produced by sexual reproduction. In sexual reproduction, offspring inherit a combination of DNA from two parent organisms, whereas Dolly was produced through somatic cell nuclear transfer, a process that involves taking a single cell from an adult individual and using it to create a genetically identical copy. Option B is true for Dolly because all of her cells were derived from the same donor nucleus, making them genetically identical. Option C is not accurate for Dolly since she was not produced through sexual reproduction and did not have a foster mother. Option D is not entirely correct because Dolly did not have any offspring, but if she had, her offspring would have been genetically identical to her since they would have been produced through the same process of somatic cell nuclear transfer.