Final answer:
Osseous tissue, also known as bone tissue, is a hard connective tissue made up of a collagen fiber matrix and mineral salts, which provide strength, durability, and flexibility to bones. It consists of two main types, compact and spongy bone tissue, which form the human endoskeleton.
Step-by-step explanation:
The connective tissue that makes up bone is called osseous tissue. This type of tissue is hard and dense, serving as the primary component of the human endoskeleton. Osseous tissue includes specialized cells, collagen fibers, and a matrix of mineral salts, providing both strength and flexibility to the bones.
Bone tissue is divided into two main types: compact bone tissue and spongy bone tissue. Compact bone tissue is organized into units called osteons and makes up the external layer of all bones, whereas spongy bone tissue is made up of trabeculae and constitutes the internal part of bones. Together, they support the body's structure and facilitate movement at the joints where cartilage provides a smooth surface and flexibility.
The structural integrity of bone is due to its composition, which includes an organic matrix and an inorganic matrix. The organic part, primarily made of collagen, imparts durability and a certain degree of pliability to the tissue. The inorganic component, predominantly calcium salts, contributes to the hardness of the bone, preventing it from being brittle.