Answer:
1.
a. Stratovolcanoes are steep-sided volcanoes that erupt a variety of lavas that are stiff or pasty and do not flow easily.
b. basalt, andesite, dacite, rhyolite
c. Volcanoes have a crater at the summit formed around a vent through which lava, steam, ashes, etc. are expelled.
2. Mythology was often used by ancient cultures to explain natural phenomena, including volcanoes. Volcanoes have the power to create and destroy, which would have been awe-inspiring to people in ancient times. By creating stories and legends around volcanoes, ancient cultures were able to explain their behavior and attribute their power to the gods or other supernatural beings, thus giving people a sense of control and understanding.
3. Rift volcanoes are volcanoes that form along the boundaries of tectonic plates, where magma rises up to the surface and creates a linear series of volcanic vents. They are typically located along mid-ocean ridges and are characterized by eruptions of fluid basaltic lava. Cinder cones are small, steep-sided volcanoes that are formed from explosive eruptions of gas-charged magma. They are typically less than 300 meters high and are made up of loose pyroclastic debris.
4. Pyroclastic rocks are rocks that are formed from the consolidation of volcanic fragments that were explosively ejected during an eruption. They are composed of different types of materials such as ash, pumice, and volcanic bombs. Pyroclastic rocks can be deposited in various ways, such as air fall deposits, pyroclastic flows, and lahars.
5. There are three main types of volcanoes: shield volcanoes, stratovolcanoes (or composite volcanoes), and cinder cones. Shield volcanoes have broad, gently sloping sides and are made up of fluid lava flows. Stratovolcanoes are tall, steep-sided volcanoes that are formed from explosive eruptions of viscous lava and pyroclastic debris. Cinder cones are small, steep-sided volcanoes that are formed from explosive eruptions of gas-charged magma.