Great Question!
Many parts of Europe have experienced changes in political geography since 1650. Some of the regions that have seen the most significant changes in borders include:
Central and Eastern Europe: This region has experienced multiple changes in borders due to various conflicts, including the Napoleonic Wars, World War I and World War II, and the collapse of the Soviet Union.
The Balkans: The Balkans have seen frequent changes in borders due to ethnic and religious conflicts, including the dissolution of Yugoslavia in the 1990s.
Central and Western Europe: This region has experienced some changes in borders due to events such as the Congress of Vienna in 1815, which redrew the map of Europe after the Napoleonic Wars, and the reunification of Germany in 1990.
The Mediterranean: The Mediterranean region has experienced changes in borders due to colonization and decolonization, such as the breakup of the Ottoman Empire and the end of the colonial era.
Overall, the political geography of Europe has been shaped by a complex mix of factors, including wars, revolutions, decolonization, and the rise and fall of empires. These changes have contributed to the diverse and varied political landscape of modern Europe.