Final answer:
The phrase that best encapsulates the presentation of characters' conflicting perspectives is 'by showing how Henry and the tattered man interact with each other,' which reveals through their interactions the narrative and character development within the text.
Step-by-step explanation:
In analyzing excerpts from literary works to understand how conflicting perspectives are presented between characters, it is essential to focus on their interactions and the development of their relationship. The phrase that best explains how the characters' conflicting perspectives are presented is "by showing how Henry and the tattered man interact with each other." This approach captures the dynamic between characters, their dialogue, their actions, and reactions to each other, which collectively reveal their individual perspectives and contribute to the narrative and character development.
Character interaction is fundamental in demonstrating the evolving perspectives, especially when faced with challenging situations or moral dilemmas, as seen in the case of Twain's self-doubt under pressure, William's fear of destitution when confronted by the Pedlar, and the relational contrasts between London's unnamed man and the dog. Such interactions not only advance the plot but also reveal deeper insights into the human condition and social relations, often used to critique or highlight aspects of the societal context and class structures.