Final answer:
The last ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt was Cleopatra VII, who reigned from 51 to 30 BCE and sought to maintain Egypt's autonomy against Roman power through alliances with Julius Caesar and Marc Antony.
Step-by-step explanation:
The last active ruler of the Ptolemaic Kingdom of Egypt was Cleopatra VII. She was a formidable politician who spoke many languages and was the only Greek ruler fluent in Egyptian. Cleopatra's reign from 51 to 30 BCE was marked by her relationships with two Roman figures – Julius Caesar and Marc Antony. Despite her efforts to preserve Egypt's autonomy, her alliance with Marc Antony proved to be her downfall, leading to the end of Ptolemaic rule following her defeat and the rise of the Roman Empire.