Functionalist perspective:
The functionalist perspective is a sociological approach that focuses on the ways in which society is organized and how its parts work together to maintain social stability and order. It views society as a complex system made up of interrelated parts that work together to achieve a specific function or purpose. The components of this system include social institutions, such as the family, education, and government, as well as social norms, values, and beliefs. Each of these parts has a specific role or function that contributes to the overall stability and cohesion of the system. The intended (manifest) consequence of each part is to maintain social order and stability. However, there could also be unintended (latent) consequences of certain actions or parts of the system, such as unintended social inequalities or conflicts.
Conflict perspective:
The conflict perspective is a sociological approach that emphasizes the role of power and coercion in society. It views society as a system characterized by competition and conflict between different groups, such as the rich and the poor, or between different racial or ethnic groups. The conflict perspective focuses on the ways in which power is distributed unequally in society and how this can lead to conflict and social change. The power in this perspective is often seen as being held by those who control economic and political resources, such as corporations and governments. Conflict can arise when different groups struggle for access to these resources, and the sharing of power is often uneven and contentious. The consequences of this power dynamic can include social inequality, discrimination, and oppression.
Interactionist perspective:
The interactionist perspective is a sociological approach that focuses on the ways in which individuals interact with one another and how they construct meaning through their interactions. It views society as a product of the interactions between individuals, who create and define social reality through their interactions with one another. This perspective focuses on the symbolic meanings that individuals attach to their actions and how these meanings shape social behavior. It looks at the details of individual interactions, such as facial expressions, gestures, and language, and how these can be used to communicate meaning. The interactionist perspective is interested in the ways in which individuals represent themselves to others and how they manage their impressions in social contexts. The consequences of these interactions can include changes in social status, the formation of social relationships, and the creation of social norms and values.