Final answer:
There were multiple causes for the rebellions after the Thirty Years War, such as taxation and famine, the enlightenment-inspired push for societal reforms, and issues concerning the effectiveness of political representation. These rebellions led to significant changes in the social and political landscapes of Europe and the United States, ultimately challenging the feudal system and the traditional privileges of the nobility.
Step-by-step explanation:
After the Thirty Years War, there were many rebellions throughout Europe due to various causes, including heavy taxation and famine, which had left many peasants and urban workers on the brink of starvation. Taxation issues were complicated by the changing demands of new political entities and a move away from uniform tax revenue to allocation of land and rents. Warfare also contributed to a decline in the supply of slaves and a shift toward a more rural society. These rebels were diverse, including provincial elites, landowners, and bandits, galvanized by political exploitation and marginalization. The situation was exacerbated by the weakness of the Confederation Congress during events like Shays's Rebellion and calls for a stronger national government emerged in the United States.
In France, financial crises and consequent attempts at tax reform by the monarchy led to widespread resistance from social elites and the middle class, who were influenced by Enlightenment ideas. The eventual formation of the National Assembly by the Third Estate was a pivotal act of rebellion, igniting uprisings such as the storming of the Bastille and the push for land redistribution and tax refusal.
Revolutionary fervor spread, with impacts including the abolition of serfdom in the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the establishment of the Second French Republic, and wide-ranging social and political changes across Europe. The collective impact of these events altered the existing feudal system and shifted the balance of power from traditional nobility and landowners to more powerful monarchs and burgeoning urban economies, thereby fostering the growth of towns and cities. The French influence particularly sparked revolutions across Europe with more immediate and profound consequences in the mid-19th century, as seen in the widespread demand for liberal reforms and national unity.